Alkalinity is due to the presence of dissolved bicarbonate (HCO3), carbonate (CO3) and hydroxyl (OH) ions in water. The alkalinity needs to be removed and monitored to prevent scale and corrosion. Raw water having high alkalinity, even after softening, causes foaming and carryover of solids that leads to embattlement of boiler steel. The decomposition of bicarbonates due to heat produces CO2, which causes corrosion.